What are the symptoms of typhoid fever and how is it diagnosed?
Typhoid fever is a bacterial disease caused by Salmonella Typhi. Typically spread through contaminated food, water or close contact.
Symptoms of Typhoid Fever
1. Fever: Gradual onset of high fever, often as high as 103°F (39.4°C).
2. Headache: Severe headache, often described as dull and throbbing.
3. Fatigue: Extreme tiredness and weakness.
4. Loss of appetite: Reduced interest in food.
5. Nausea and vomiting: Frequent vomiting, especially after eating.
6. Abdominal pain: Pain in the abdomen, often in the lower right quadrant.
7. Diarrhea or constipation: Changes in bowel movements.
8. Rash: A characteristic “rose spot” rash may appear on the abdomen and chest.
DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER: Diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, laboratory tests, and imaging studies.
LABORATORY TESTS
1. Blood cultures: Blood samples are taken to check for the presence of Salmonella Typhi bacteria.
2. Widal test: Measures antibodies against Salmonella Typhi in the blood.
3. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): Detects the genetic material of Salmonella Typhi in blood or stool samples.
IMAGING STUDIES
1. Ultrasound: May be used to evaluate abdominal pain or suspected complications.
2. CT scan: May be used to rule out other conditions or complications.
OTHER TESTS
1. Stool culture: Stool samples may be taken to check for the presence of Salmonella Typhi bacteria.
2. Bone marrow culture: May be taken to check for the presence of Salmonella Typhi bacteria in the bone marrow.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and reduce mortality. If you suspect you or someone else has typhoid fever, seek medical attention immediately.